Feline oral stomatitis, also known as Lymphocytic Plasmacytic Stomatitis/Faucitis or Ulcerative Stomatitis is a very debilitating disease of cats that can lead to loss of all the teeth at a very early age. It is characterized by widespread inflammation, ulceration, and severe redness in the oral cavity. The inflamed tissues may develop ulcers, become swollen, and bleed easily. Cats with oral stomatitis often experience significant pain, which can make eating and grooming difficult.
The signs and symptoms of feline oral stomatitis can vary in severity. Common signs include bad breath (halitosis), excessive drooling, reluctance to eat or difficulty eating, weight loss, and pawing at the mouth. Some cats may also exhibit behavioral changes, such as increased irritability or reluctance to be touched around the mouth.
The exact cause of feline oral stomatitis is not fully understood, but it is believed to result from an abnormal immune response to dental plaque and bacteria. The cat’s immune system overreacts to the presence of these oral bacteria, triggering a chronic and exaggerated inflammatory response. Diagnosing feline oral stomatitis typically involves a thorough examination of the cat’s mouth and oral tissues, along with a review of the cat’s medical history. Dental X-rays may be taken to evaluate the extent of dental disease, and in some cases, a biopsy of the affected tissues may be necessary to rule out other potential causes.
A few cats may respond to medical treatment, which requires meticulous plaque control and anti-inflammatory medications. Other treatment strategies include drugs that modify the immune response of the patient such as cyclosporine. For most cats, extraction of all the teeth provides the best solution as it removes the area for plaque to develop, usually resulting in a happier cat shortly after surgery. Many cats will even return to eating dry food, even though they have no teeth!
It’s important to note that feline oral stomatitis is a chronic condition, and while treatments can help manage the symptoms, it may not be fully curable. Regular veterinary check-ups and ongoing dental care are crucial for cats with this condition to monitor their oral health and provide appropriate management.
If you suspect your cat may have feline oral stomatitis, it is important to consult with a veterinarian experienced in dental health and oral diseases in cats. They can provide a proper diagnosis and develop a treatment plan tailored to your cat’s specific needs.